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惠斯(si)通電橋測電阻
電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)比較(jiao)法測(ce)(ce)量物理(li)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁學基本(ben)測(ce)(ce)量儀器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)的(de)種(zhong)類很多，測(ce)(ce)量中(zhong)等阻值(zhi)（10～106歐姆(mu)）的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻要用(yong)(yong)惠斯登單(dan)臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)進行測(ce)(ce)量；若要測(ce)(ce)量更大阻值(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)或兆歐表；而要測(ce)(ce)量阻值(zhi)較(jiao)小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)（開爾文電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)）。電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)準(zhun)確度高、穩(wen)定性好，所以被廣泛用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁測(ce)(ce)量、自(zi)動調節和自(zi)動控制中(zhong)。惠斯登單(dan)臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)是(shi)最基本(ben)的(de)直流單(dan)臂電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋(qiao)。
凱爾文電橋又稱“雙臂電橋"。測量10^(-6)~10^2歐姆(mu)低電阻的直流電橋。圖(tu)中R是跨線電阻(zu)(包括(kuo)Rx、Rs兩(liang)電阻(zu)器間的接線電阻(zu)、接觸電阻及內(nei)部連接(jie)線電阻(zu))，Rs是標準電阻。當調節R1、R2、R3、R4和Rs使橋路(lu)中無電流(即靈敏電流計G的指針不(bu)偏轉)時，將有(you)下列平衡條件成立：R1R2=R3R4和(he)Rx=R1R2Rs。Rx的計算式與R無關，從而可減小接線電阻和(he)接觸(chu)電阻所產生的誤差(cha)。
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